{ "citation": "Specimen Registry v0.0.7 (2026). Maintained by Michael Gonzalez with AI assistance. https://specimenregistry.org. Data licensed under CC BY 4.0.", "license": "https://specimenregistry.org/license", "version": "0.0.12-neon", "filter": { "specimen_id": null, "publication_id": null, "type": null }, "limit": 50, "offset": 0, "count": 37, "total": 37, "next_offset": null, "comparisons": [ { "id": 38, "specimen_a_id": "ust-ishim-1", "specimen_b_id": "oase-1", "comparison_type": "contemporaneous", "claim": "Ust'-Ishim (~45 ka Siberia) and Oase 1 (~37-42 ka Romania) both represent early Eurasian AMH; Ust'-Ishim predates and derives from a pre-East/West split population while Oase 1 shows a recent Neanderthal admixture episode.", "claim_source_quote": null, "method": null, "publication_id": "10.1038/nature13810", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Cross-ref added 2026-07-27 during block #9 Fu 2014 ingest.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T02:16:46.931Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T02:16:46.931Z" }, { "id": 37, "specimen_a_id": "mezmaiskaya-1", "specimen_b_id": "feldhofer-1", "comparison_type": "related-population", "claim": "Mezmaiskaya 1 and Feldhofer 1 mtDNA sequences are 3.48% divergent and fall together in a Neanderthal clade distinct from modern humans.", "claim_source_quote": "The sequence shows 3.48% divergence from the Feldhofer Neanderthal. Phylogenetic analysis places the two Neanderthals from the Caucasus and western Germany together in a clade that is distinct from modern humans, suggesting that their mtDNA types have not contributed to the modern human mtDNA pool.", "method": "aDNA-mitochondrial", "publication_id": "10.1038/35006625", "quantitative_result": "3.48% divergence", "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "The comparison is asserted by Ovchinnikov 2000 (source publication); Krings 1997 (Feldhofer) is the referent. Added 2026-07-27 as the first-ever pairwise Neanderthal mtDNA comparison entered into the corpus.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T02:05:37.945Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T02:05:37.945Z" }, { "id": 36, "specimen_a_id": "vindija-87", "specimen_b_id": "mezmaiskaya-1", "comparison_type": "related-population", "claim": "Late Neanderthals differ from the older Caucasus Neanderthal (Mezmaiskaya 1) in a way that suggests a population turnover in the Caucasus or throughout Europe near the end of Neanderthal history.", "claim_source_quote": "comparison to the genome of an older Neanderthal from the Caucasus indicates that a population turnover is likely to have occurred, either in the Caucasus or throughout Europe, towards the end of Neanderthal history", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Population-turnover comparator claim from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim abstract; late Neanderthals vs older Caucasus (Mezmaiskaya 1). Added retroactively 2026-07-27 after mezmaiskaya-1 was ingested.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:51:58.546Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:51:58.546Z" }, { "id": 35, "specimen_a_id": "spy-94a", "specimen_b_id": "mezmaiskaya-1", "comparison_type": "related-population", "claim": "Late Neanderthals differ from the older Caucasus Neanderthal (Mezmaiskaya 1) in a way that suggests a population turnover in the Caucasus or throughout Europe near the end of Neanderthal history.", "claim_source_quote": "comparison to the genome of an older Neanderthal from the Caucasus indicates that a population turnover is likely to have occurred, either in the Caucasus or throughout Europe, towards the end of Neanderthal history", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Population-turnover comparator claim from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim abstract; late Neanderthals vs older Caucasus (Mezmaiskaya 1). Added retroactively 2026-07-27 after mezmaiskaya-1 was ingested.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:51:58.546Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:51:58.546Z" }, { "id": 34, "specimen_a_id": "mezmaiskaya-2", "specimen_b_id": "mezmaiskaya-1", "comparison_type": "related-population", "claim": "Late Neanderthals differ from the older Caucasus Neanderthal (Mezmaiskaya 1) in a way that suggests a population turnover in the Caucasus or throughout Europe near the end of Neanderthal history.", "claim_source_quote": "comparison to the genome of an older Neanderthal from the Caucasus indicates that a population turnover is likely to have occurred, either in the Caucasus or throughout Europe, towards the end of Neanderthal history", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Population-turnover comparator claim from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim abstract; late Neanderthals vs older Caucasus (Mezmaiskaya 1). Added retroactively 2026-07-27 after mezmaiskaya-1 was ingested.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:51:58.546Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:51:58.546Z" }, { "id": 33, "specimen_a_id": "les-cottes-z4-1514", "specimen_b_id": "mezmaiskaya-1", "comparison_type": "related-population", "claim": "Late Neanderthals differ from the older Caucasus Neanderthal (Mezmaiskaya 1) in a way that suggests a population turnover in the Caucasus or throughout Europe near the end of Neanderthal history.", "claim_source_quote": "comparison to the genome of an older Neanderthal from the Caucasus indicates that a population turnover is likely to have occurred, either in the Caucasus or throughout Europe, towards the end of Neanderthal history", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Population-turnover comparator claim from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim abstract; late Neanderthals vs older Caucasus (Mezmaiskaya 1). Added retroactively 2026-07-27 after mezmaiskaya-1 was ingested.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:51:58.546Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:51:58.546Z" }, { "id": 32, "specimen_a_id": "goyet-q56-1", "specimen_b_id": "mezmaiskaya-1", "comparison_type": "related-population", "claim": "Late Neanderthals differ from the older Caucasus Neanderthal (Mezmaiskaya 1) in a way that suggests a population turnover in the Caucasus or throughout Europe near the end of Neanderthal history.", "claim_source_quote": "comparison to the genome of an older Neanderthal from the Caucasus indicates that a population turnover is likely to have occurred, either in the Caucasus or throughout Europe, towards the end of Neanderthal history", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Population-turnover comparator claim from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim abstract; late Neanderthals vs older Caucasus (Mezmaiskaya 1). Added retroactively 2026-07-27 after mezmaiskaya-1 was ingested.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:51:58.546Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:51:58.546Z" }, { "id": 31, "specimen_a_id": "vindija-87", "specimen_b_id": "oase-1", "comparison_type": "contemporaneous", "claim": "Four of the five late Neanderthals studied post-date AMH arrival in Europe; despite temporal overlap with Oase-1-like AMH, no recent modern-human gene flow was detected in their ancestry.", "claim_source_quote": "although four of the Neanderthals studied here post-date the putative arrival of early modern humans into Europe, we do not detect any recent gene flow from early modern humans in their ancestry", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 30, "specimen_a_id": "spy-94a", "specimen_b_id": "oase-1", "comparison_type": "contemporaneous", "claim": "Four of the five late Neanderthals studied post-date AMH arrival in Europe; despite temporal overlap with Oase-1-like AMH, no recent modern-human gene flow was detected in their ancestry.", "claim_source_quote": "although four of the Neanderthals studied here post-date the putative arrival of early modern humans into Europe, we do not detect any recent gene flow from early modern humans in their ancestry", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 29, "specimen_a_id": "mezmaiskaya-2", "specimen_b_id": "oase-1", "comparison_type": "contemporaneous", "claim": "Four of the five late Neanderthals studied post-date AMH arrival in Europe; despite temporal overlap with Oase-1-like AMH, no recent modern-human gene flow was detected in their ancestry.", "claim_source_quote": "although four of the Neanderthals studied here post-date the putative arrival of early modern humans into Europe, we do not detect any recent gene flow from early modern humans in their ancestry", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 28, "specimen_a_id": "les-cottes-z4-1514", "specimen_b_id": "oase-1", "comparison_type": "contemporaneous", "claim": "Four of the five late Neanderthals studied post-date AMH arrival in Europe; despite temporal overlap with Oase-1-like AMH, no recent modern-human gene flow was detected in their ancestry.", "claim_source_quote": "although four of the Neanderthals studied here post-date the putative arrival of early modern humans into Europe, we do not detect any recent gene flow from early modern humans in their ancestry", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 27, "specimen_a_id": "goyet-q56-1", "specimen_b_id": "oase-1", "comparison_type": "contemporaneous", "claim": "Four of the five late Neanderthals studied post-date AMH arrival in Europe; despite temporal overlap with Oase-1-like AMH, no recent modern-human gene flow was detected in their ancestry.", "claim_source_quote": "although four of the Neanderthals studied here post-date the putative arrival of early modern humans into Europe, we do not detect any recent gene flow from early modern humans in their ancestry", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 26, "specimen_a_id": "vindija-87", "specimen_b_id": "denisova-5", "comparison_type": "sister-lineage", "claim": "Diverged from a common Neanderthal ancestor around 150 ka; the introgression source into modern humans diverged from these European late Neanderthals ≥70 ka.", "claim_source_quote": "the bulk of Neanderthal gene flow into early modern humans originated from one or more source populations that diverged from the Neanderthals that were studied here at least 70,000 years ago, but after they split from a previously sequenced Neanderthal from Siberia around 150,000 years ago", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": "split ~150 ka", "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 25, "specimen_a_id": "spy-94a", "specimen_b_id": "denisova-5", "comparison_type": "sister-lineage", "claim": "Diverged from a common Neanderthal ancestor around 150 ka; the introgression source into modern humans diverged from these European late Neanderthals ≥70 ka.", "claim_source_quote": "the bulk of Neanderthal gene flow into early modern humans originated from one or more source populations that diverged from the Neanderthals that were studied here at least 70,000 years ago, but after they split from a previously sequenced Neanderthal from Siberia around 150,000 years ago", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": "split ~150 ka", "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 24, "specimen_a_id": "mezmaiskaya-2", "specimen_b_id": "denisova-5", "comparison_type": "sister-lineage", "claim": "Diverged from a common Neanderthal ancestor around 150 ka; the introgression source into modern humans diverged from these European late Neanderthals ≥70 ka.", "claim_source_quote": "the bulk of Neanderthal gene flow into early modern humans originated from one or more source populations that diverged from the Neanderthals that were studied here at least 70,000 years ago, but after they split from a previously sequenced Neanderthal from Siberia around 150,000 years ago", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": "split ~150 ka", "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 23, "specimen_a_id": "les-cottes-z4-1514", "specimen_b_id": "denisova-5", "comparison_type": "sister-lineage", "claim": "Diverged from a common Neanderthal ancestor around 150 ka; the introgression source into modern humans diverged from these European late Neanderthals ≥70 ka.", "claim_source_quote": "the bulk of Neanderthal gene flow into early modern humans originated from one or more source populations that diverged from the Neanderthals that were studied here at least 70,000 years ago, but after they split from a previously sequenced Neanderthal from Siberia around 150,000 years ago", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": "split ~150 ka", "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 22, "specimen_a_id": "goyet-q56-1", "specimen_b_id": "denisova-5", "comparison_type": "sister-lineage", "claim": "Diverged from a common Neanderthal ancestor around 150 ka; the introgression source into modern humans diverged from these European late Neanderthals ≥70 ka.", "claim_source_quote": "the bulk of Neanderthal gene flow into early modern humans originated from one or more source populations that diverged from the Neanderthals that were studied here at least 70,000 years ago, but after they split from a previously sequenced Neanderthal from Siberia around 150,000 years ago", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": "split ~150 ka", "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 21, "specimen_a_id": "vindija-87", "specimen_b_id": "vindija-33-19", "comparison_type": "related-population", "claim": "Vindija 87 is inferred to belong to the same Vindija population lineage; may represent same individual as previously sequenced Vindija Neanderthals (pending direct-paper confirmation).", "claim_source_quote": "Community summary (Wikipedia Vindija Cave entry, sourced to Hajdinjak 2018) — pending direct-paper confirmation", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": "1.3x coverage", "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 20, "specimen_a_id": "spy-94a", "specimen_b_id": "vindija-33-19", "comparison_type": "introgression-source", "claim": "These late Neanderthals plus Vindija are closer to the Neanderthal-related DNA in present-day non-Africans than Altai Neanderthal is (i.e., closer to the actual introgression source).", "claim_source_quote": "these late Neanderthals form a coherent group with Vindija Neanderthals genetically closer to the Neanderthal-related DNA in present-day humans than the Altai Neanderthal", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 19, "specimen_a_id": "mezmaiskaya-2", "specimen_b_id": "vindija-33-19", "comparison_type": "introgression-source", "claim": "These late Neanderthals plus Vindija are closer to the Neanderthal-related DNA in present-day non-Africans than Altai Neanderthal is (i.e., closer to the actual introgression source).", "claim_source_quote": "these late Neanderthals form a coherent group with Vindija Neanderthals genetically closer to the Neanderthal-related DNA in present-day humans than the Altai Neanderthal", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 18, "specimen_a_id": "les-cottes-z4-1514", "specimen_b_id": "vindija-33-19", "comparison_type": "introgression-source", "claim": "These late Neanderthals plus Vindija are closer to the Neanderthal-related DNA in present-day non-Africans than Altai Neanderthal is (i.e., closer to the actual introgression source).", "claim_source_quote": "these late Neanderthals form a coherent group with Vindija Neanderthals genetically closer to the Neanderthal-related DNA in present-day humans than the Altai Neanderthal", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 17, "specimen_a_id": "goyet-q56-1", "specimen_b_id": "vindija-33-19", "comparison_type": "introgression-source", "claim": "These late Neanderthals plus Vindija are closer to the Neanderthal-related DNA in present-day non-Africans than Altai Neanderthal is (i.e., closer to the actual introgression source).", "claim_source_quote": "these late Neanderthals form a coherent group with Vindija Neanderthals genetically closer to the Neanderthal-related DNA in present-day humans than the Altai Neanderthal", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 16, "specimen_a_id": "spy-94a", "specimen_b_id": "vindija-87", "comparison_type": "related-population", "claim": "Part of a coherent late-Neanderthal group whose genetic similarity tracks geography.", "claim_source_quote": "Genetic similarity among late Neanderthals is well predicted by their geographical location", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": "1-2.7x genome coverage", "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 15, "specimen_a_id": "mezmaiskaya-2", "specimen_b_id": "vindija-87", "comparison_type": "related-population", "claim": "Part of a coherent late-Neanderthal group whose genetic similarity tracks geography.", "claim_source_quote": "Genetic similarity among late Neanderthals is well predicted by their geographical location", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": "1-2.7x genome coverage", "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 14, "specimen_a_id": "mezmaiskaya-2", "specimen_b_id": "spy-94a", "comparison_type": "related-population", "claim": "Part of a coherent late-Neanderthal group whose genetic similarity tracks geography.", "claim_source_quote": "Genetic similarity among late Neanderthals is well predicted by their geographical location", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": "1-2.7x genome coverage", "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 13, "specimen_a_id": "les-cottes-z4-1514", "specimen_b_id": "vindija-87", "comparison_type": "related-population", "claim": "Part of a coherent late-Neanderthal group whose genetic similarity tracks geography.", "claim_source_quote": "Genetic similarity among late Neanderthals is well predicted by their geographical location", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": "1-2.7x genome coverage", "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 12, "specimen_a_id": "les-cottes-z4-1514", "specimen_b_id": "spy-94a", "comparison_type": "related-population", "claim": "Part of a coherent late-Neanderthal group whose genetic similarity tracks geography.", "claim_source_quote": "Genetic similarity among late Neanderthals is well predicted by their geographical location", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": "1-2.7x genome coverage", "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 11, "specimen_a_id": "les-cottes-z4-1514", "specimen_b_id": "mezmaiskaya-2", "comparison_type": "related-population", "claim": "Part of a coherent late-Neanderthal group whose genetic similarity tracks geography.", "claim_source_quote": "Genetic similarity among late Neanderthals is well predicted by their geographical location", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": "1-2.7x genome coverage", "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 10, "specimen_a_id": "goyet-q56-1", "specimen_b_id": "vindija-87", "comparison_type": "related-population", "claim": "Part of a coherent late-Neanderthal group whose genetic similarity tracks geography.", "claim_source_quote": "Genetic similarity among late Neanderthals is well predicted by their geographical location", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": "1-2.7x genome coverage", "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 9, "specimen_a_id": "goyet-q56-1", "specimen_b_id": "spy-94a", "comparison_type": "related-population", "claim": "Part of a coherent late-Neanderthal group whose genetic similarity tracks geography.", "claim_source_quote": "Genetic similarity among late Neanderthals is well predicted by their geographical location", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": "1-2.7x genome coverage", "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 8, "specimen_a_id": "goyet-q56-1", "specimen_b_id": "mezmaiskaya-2", "comparison_type": "related-population", "claim": "Part of a coherent late-Neanderthal group whose genetic similarity tracks geography.", "claim_source_quote": "Genetic similarity among late Neanderthals is well predicted by their geographical location", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": "1-2.7x genome coverage", "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 7, "specimen_a_id": "goyet-q56-1", "specimen_b_id": "les-cottes-z4-1514", "comparison_type": "related-population", "claim": "Part of a coherent late-Neanderthal group whose genetic similarity tracks geography.", "claim_source_quote": "Genetic similarity among late Neanderthals is well predicted by their geographical location", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": "1-2.7x genome coverage", "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z" }, { "id": 5, "specimen_a_id": "vindija-33-16", "specimen_b_id": "vindija-33-25", "comparison_type": "sister-lineage", "claim": "Different Neandertal individuals; mtDNA differs at 10 positions.", "claim_source_quote": "We have previously determined the complete mtDNA sequences from the bones Vi33.16 and Vi33.25, and these differ at 10 positions. Therefore, Vi33.16 and Vi33.25 come from different Neandertal individuals.", "method": "aDNA-mitochondrial", "publication_id": "10.1126/science.1188021", "quantitative_result": "10 mtDNA position differences", "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Autoseed 2026-07-26 from T2.6 Green 2010 ingest markdown.", "created_at": "2026-07-26T19:55:47.749Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-26T19:55:47.749Z" }, { "id": 4, "specimen_a_id": "vindija-33-16", "specimen_b_id": "vindija-33-26", "comparison_type": "kin-relationship", "claim": "Same maternal lineage; Vi33.26 consensus matches Vi33.16 at all 10 sites where Vi33.16 differs from Vi33.25.", "claim_source_quote": "At all 10 sites where Vi33.16 differs from Vi33.25, the Vi33.26 consensus matches Vi33.16.", "method": "aDNA-mitochondrial", "publication_id": "10.1126/science.1188021", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Autoseed 2026-07-26 from T2.6 Green 2010 ingest markdown.", "created_at": "2026-07-26T19:55:47.749Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-26T19:55:47.749Z" }, { "id": 3, "specimen_a_id": "scladina-i-4a", "specimen_b_id": "vindija-33-19", "comparison_type": "related-population", "claim": "Scladina I-4A Neanderthal is nuclear-genetically closer to later European Neanderthals than to the roughly contemporaneous Altai Neanderthal from Siberia.", "claim_source_quote": "both Neandertals are genetically closer to later Neandertals from Europe than to a roughly contemporaneous individual from Siberia.", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1126/sciadv.aaw5873", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Autoseed 2026-07-26 from T2.5 Peyrégne 2019 ingest markdown.", "created_at": "2026-07-26T19:55:47.749Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-26T19:55:47.749Z" }, { "id": 2, "specimen_a_id": "hohlenstein-stadel-neanderthal", "specimen_b_id": "vindija-33-19", "comparison_type": "related-population", "claim": "Hohlenstein-Stadel Neanderthal is nuclear-genetically closer to later European Neanderthals than to the roughly contemporaneous Altai Neanderthal from Siberia.", "claim_source_quote": "both Neandertals are genetically closer to later Neandertals from Europe than to a roughly contemporaneous individual from Siberia.", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1126/sciadv.aaw5873", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Autoseed 2026-07-26 from T2.5 Peyrégne 2019 ingest markdown. Comparison_b vindija-33-19 is a representative later-Neanderthal comparator.", "created_at": "2026-07-26T19:55:47.749Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-26T19:55:47.749Z" }, { "id": 1, "specimen_a_id": "sima-femur-xiii", "specimen_b_id": "denisova-3", "comparison_type": "sister-lineage", "claim": "Sima de los Huesos mtDNA shares a common ancestor with Denisovan mtDNAs to the exclusion of Neanderthal, modern human, chimpanzee and bonobo mtDNAs.", "claim_source_quote": "All three trees support a topology in which the Sima de los Huesos mtDNA shares a common ancestor with Denisovan mtDNAs to the exclusion of the other mtDNAs analysed.", "method": "aDNA-mitochondrial", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature12788", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Autoseed 2026-07-26 from T2.4 Meyer 2014 ingest markdown. Note: interpretation later updated by Meyer 2016 (10.1038/nature17405) — nDNA shows Sima on Neanderthal lineage; mtDNA-Denisovan relationship is ancestral state replaced in Neanderthals.", "created_at": "2026-07-26T19:55:47.749Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-26T19:55:47.749Z" } ] }