{
  "citation": "Specimen Registry v0.0.7 (2026). Maintained by Michael Gonzalez with AI assistance. https://specimenregistry.org. Data licensed under CC BY 4.0.",
  "license": "https://specimenregistry.org/license",
  "version": "0.0.12-neon",
  "publication": {
    "id": "10.1038/nature09710",
    "title": "Genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia",
    "authors": [
      "Reich, D.",
      "Green, R.E.",
      "Kircher, M.",
      "Krause, J.",
      "Patterson, N.",
      "Durand, E.Y.",
      "Viola, B.",
      "Briggs, A.W.",
      "Stenzel, U.",
      "Johnson, P.L.F.",
      "Maricic, T.",
      "Good, J.M.",
      "Marques-Bonet, T.",
      "Alkan, C.",
      "Fu, Q.",
      "Mallick, S.",
      "Li, H.",
      "Meyer, M.",
      "Eichler, E.E.",
      "Stoneking, M.",
      "Richards, M.",
      "Talamo, S.",
      "Shunkov, M.V.",
      "Derevianko, A.P.",
      "Hublin, J.-J.",
      "Kelso, J.",
      "Slatkin, M.",
      "Pääbo, S."
    ],
    "year": 2010,
    "journal": "Nature",
    "volume": "468",
    "issue": "7327",
    "pages": "1053-1060",
    "publication_date": "2010-12-22T00:00:00.000Z",
    "open_access_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09710 (Nature; may be paywalled — check for institutional/PMC availability during v0 QA)",
    "pmc_id": null,
    "pubmed_id": null,
    "abstract": "Using DNA extracted from a finger bone found in Denisova Cave in southern Siberia, we have sequenced the genome of an archaic hominin to about 1.9-fold coverage. This individual is from a group that shares a common origin with Neanderthals. This population was not involved in the putative gene flow from Neanderthals into Eurasians; however, the data suggest that it contributed 4–6% of its genetic material to the genomes of present-day Melanesians. We designate this hominin population 'Denisovans' and suggest that it may have been widespread in Asia during the Late Pleistocene epoch. A tooth found in Denisova Cave carries a mitochondrial genome highly similar to that of the finger bone. This tooth shares no derived morphological features with Neanderthals or modern humans, further indicating that Denisovans have an evolutionary history distinct from Neanderthals and modern humans.",
    "crossref_verified_at": null,
    "verification_state": "draft",
    "verification_notes": "Migrated from ingest file: T1.1_Reich_2010.md",
    "fts_tsv": "'1.9':38B '4':75B '6':76B 'a.p':203C 'a.w':169C 'alkan':182C 'archaic':5A,34B 'asia':104B 'b':167C 'bone':19B,127B 'bonet':180C 'brigg':168C 'c':183C 'carri':116B 'cave':10A,23B,115B 'common':50B 'contribut':74B 'coverag':40B 'd':155C 'data':70B 'day':87B 'denisova':9A,22B,114B 'denisovan':94B,143B 'derevianko':202C 'deriv':132B 'design':90B 'distinct':148B 'dna':14B 'durand':164C 'e.e':193C 'e.y':165C 'eichler':192C 'epoch':109B 'eurasian':67B 'evolutionari':146B 'extract':15B 'featur':134B 'finger':18B,126B 'flow':63B 'fold':39B 'found':20B,112B 'fu':184C 'gene':62B 'genet':1A,79B 'genom':31B,83B,119B 'good':176C 'green':156C 'group':7A,46B 'h':189C 'high':120B 'histori':2A,147B 'hominin':6A,35B,92B 'howev':68B 'hublin':204C 'human':139B,153B 'indic':141B 'individu':42B 'involv':58B 'j':161C,205C,206C,208C 'j.m':177C 'johnson':172C 'kelso':207C 'kircher':158C 'kraus':160C 'late':107B 'li':188C 'm':159C,191C,195C,197C,210C 'm.v':201C 'mallick':186C 'maric':174C 'marqu':179C 'marques-bonet':178C 'materi':80B 'may':99B 'melanesian':88B 'meyer':190C 'mitochondri':118B 'modern':138B,152B 'morpholog':133B 'n':163C 'neanderth':53B,65B,136B,150B 'origin':51B 'p.l.f':173C 'patterson':162C 'pleistocen':108B 'popul':55B,93B 'present':86B 'present-day':85B 'putat':61B 'pääbo':211C 'q':185C 'r.e':157C 'reich':154C 'richard':196C 'sequenc':29B 'share':48B,130B 'shunkov':200C 'siberia':12A,26B 'similar':121B 'slatkin':209C 'southern':25B 'stenzel':170C 'stonek':194C 'suggest':71B,96B 'talamo':198C 'tooth':111B,129B 'u':171C 'use':13B 'viola':166C 'widespread':102B",
    "created_at": "2026-07-26T18:01:51.160Z",
    "updated_at": "2026-07-27T02:16:42.538Z",
    "study_type": null
  },
  "specimens": [
    {
      "id": "denisova-3",
      "common_name": "Denisova 3",
      "taxonomic_assignment": "Denisovan",
      "assignment_method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "verification_state": "pending-verification"
    },
    {
      "id": "denisova-4",
      "common_name": "Denisova 4",
      "taxonomic_assignment": "Denisovan",
      "assignment_method": "morphology-2D",
      "verification_state": "pending-verification"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": [
    {
      "id": "8e074782-eb9e-4e43-8efd-86cacd956501",
      "specimen_id": "denisova-3",
      "method": "aDNA-mitochondrial",
      "dating_method": null,
      "lab": "Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig (verify)",
      "result_summary": "Complete mtDNA genome at 58× average coverage; 15,094 identified sequences.",
      "verification_state": "draft"
    },
    {
      "id": "c1795f5c-e1ac-4bc3-9d18-9e7980fbc56f",
      "specimen_id": "denisova-3",
      "method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "dating_method": null,
      "lab": "Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig (implied — Pääbo group; verify from paper Methods)",
      "result_summary": "1.9× nuclear genome coverage; approximately 5.2 gigabases of DNA sequence; assigned to a novel archaic hominin population (\"Denisovan\"); shares common origin with Neanderthals; contributed 4–6% to present-day Melanesian genomes.",
      "verification_state": "draft"
    }
  ]
}