{
  "citation": "Specimen Registry v0.0.7 (2026). Maintained by Michael Gonzalez with AI assistance. https://specimenregistry.org. Data licensed under CC BY 4.0.",
  "license": "https://specimenregistry.org/license",
  "version": "0.0.12-neon",
  "publication": {
    "id": "10.1038/nature14558",
    "title": "An early modern human from Romania with a recent Neanderthal ancestor",
    "authors": [
      "Fu, Q.",
      "Hajdinjak, M.",
      "Moldovan, O.T.",
      "Constantin, S.",
      "Mallick, S.",
      "Skoglund, P.",
      "Patterson, N.",
      "Rohland, N.",
      "Lazaridis, I.",
      "Nickel, B.",
      "Viola, B.",
      "Prüfer, K.",
      "Meyer, M.",
      "Kelso, J.",
      "Reich, D.",
      "Pääbo, S."
    ],
    "year": 2015,
    "journal": "Nature",
    "volume": "524",
    "issue": "7564",
    "pages": "216-219",
    "publication_date": "2015-08-13T00:00:00.000Z",
    "open_access_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4537386/",
    "pmc_id": null,
    "pubmed_id": null,
    "abstract": "Neanderthals are thought to have disappeared in Europe approximately 39,000–41,000 years ago but they have contributed 1–3% of the DNA of present-day people in Eurasia. Here we analyse DNA from a 37,000–42,000-year-old modern human from Peştera cu Oase, Romania. Although the specimen contains small amounts of human DNA, we use an enrichment strategy to isolate sites that are informative about its relationship to Neanderthals and present-day humans. We find that on the order of 6–9% of the genome of the Oase individual is derived from Neanderthals, more than any other modern human sequenced to date. Three chromosomal segments of Neanderthal ancestry are over 50 centimorgans in size, indicating that this individual had a Neanderthal ancestor as recently as four to six generations back. However, the Oase individual does not share more alleles with later Europeans than with East Asians, suggesting that the Oase population did not contribute substantially to later humans in Europe.",
    "crossref_verified_at": null,
    "verification_state": "draft",
    "verification_notes": "Migrated from ingest file: T5.6_Fu_2015.md",
    "fts_tsv": "'000':22B,24B,50B,52B '1':31B '3':32B '37':49B '39':21B '41':23B '42':51B '50':130B '6':100B '9':101B 'ago':26B 'allel':158B 'although':63B 'amount':68B 'analys':45B 'ancestor':11A,141B 'ancestri':127B 'approxim':20B 'asian':165B 'b':199C,201C 'back':149B 'centimorgan':131B 'chromosom':123B 'constantin':186C 'contain':66B 'contribut':30B,173B 'cu':60B 'd':209C 'date':121B 'day':39B,91B 'deriv':110B 'disappear':17B 'dna':35B,46B,71B 'earli':2A 'east':164B 'enrich':75B 'eurasia':42B 'europ':19B,179B 'european':161B 'find':94B 'four':145B 'fu':180C 'generat':148B 'genom':104B 'hajdinjak':182C 'howev':150B 'human':4A,57B,70B,92B,118B,177B 'indic':134B 'individu':108B,137B,153B 'inform':82B 'isol':78B 'j':207C 'k':203C 'kelso':206C 'later':160B,176B 'lazaridi':196C 'm':183C,205C 'mallick':188C 'meyer':204C 'modern':3A,56B,117B 'moldovan':184C 'n':193C,195C 'neanderth':10A,12B,87B,112B,126B,140B 'nickel':198C 'o.t':185C 'oas':61B,107B,152B,169B 'old':55B 'order':98B 'p':191C 'patterson':192C 'peopl':40B 'peştera':59B 'popul':170B 'present':38B,90B 'present-day':37B,89B 'prüfer':202C 'pääbo':210C 'q':181C 'recent':9A,143B 'reich':208C 'relationship':85B 'rohland':194C 'romania':6A,62B 'segment':124B 'sequenc':119B 'share':156B 'site':79B 'six':147B 'size':133B 'skoglund':190C 'small':67B 'specimen':65B 'strategi':76B 'substanti':174B 'suggest':166B 'thought':14B 'three':122B 'use':73B 'viola':200C 'year':25B,54B 'year-old':53B",
    "created_at": "2026-07-26T19:35:25.747Z",
    "updated_at": "2026-07-27T02:16:42.538Z",
    "study_type": null
  },
  "specimens": [
    {
      "id": "oase-1",
      "common_name": "Oase 1",
      "taxonomic_assignment": "modern human (Homo sapiens) with recent Neanderthal admixture",
      "assignment_method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "verification_state": "draft"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": [
    {
      "id": "efdbbf0e-95bf-47ad-a40b-c4db6b60d960",
      "specimen_id": "oase-1",
      "method": "aDNA-mitochondrial",
      "dating_method": null,
      "lab": null,
      "result_summary": "Present-day human contamination in mtDNA fragments estimated at 67% overall (95% CI 65-69%); when restricted to fragments with terminal C-to-T damage patterns, contamination drops to 4% (95% CI 2-9%).",
      "verification_state": "draft"
    },
    {
      "id": "5a2bbadd-028a-4bd1-9d63-806d61cdba15",
      "specimen_id": "oase-1",
      "method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "dating_method": null,
      "lab": "Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig + Harvard Medical School (David Reich lab)",
      "result_summary": "Nuclear DNA sequenced via targeted enrichment isolating ~78,055 sites informative about Neanderthal vs. modern-human ancestry; determined ~6–9% Neanderthal ancestry (point estimates 6.0%–9.4%); recent Neanderthal ancestor 4–6 generations back based on ≥50 cM chromosomal segments of Neanderthal ancestry.",
      "verification_state": "draft"
    },
    {
      "id": "8bc624ec-f68c-456f-8b41-6dcba254acad",
      "specimen_id": "oase-1",
      "method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "dating_method": null,
      "lab": null,
      "result_summary": "Oase 1 has 6-9% Neanderthal ancestry, more than any other modern human sequenced. Three chromosomal segments >50 cM imply a Neanderthal ancestor 4-6 generations back. Does not share more alleles with later Europeans than with East Asians.",
      "verification_state": "pending-verification"
    }
  ]
}