{
  "citation": "Specimen Registry v0.0.7 (2026). Maintained by Michael Gonzalez with AI assistance. https://specimenregistry.org. Data licensed under CC BY 4.0.",
  "license": "https://specimenregistry.org/license",
  "version": "0.0.12-neon",
  "publication": {
    "id": "10.1126/science.aao1887",
    "title": "A high-coverage Neandertal genome from Vindija Cave in Croatia",
    "authors": [
      "Prüfer, K.",
      "de Filippo, C.",
      "Grote, S.",
      "Mafessoni, F.",
      "Korlević, P.",
      "Hajdinjak, M.",
      "Vernot, B.",
      "Skov, L.",
      "Hsieh, P.",
      "Peyrégne, S.",
      "Reher, D.",
      "Hopfe, C.",
      "Nagel, S.",
      "Maricic, T.",
      "Fu, Q.",
      "Theunert, C.",
      "Rogers, R.",
      "Skoglund, P.",
      "Chintalapati, M.",
      "Dannemann, M.",
      "Nelson, B.J.",
      "Key, F.M.",
      "Rudan, P.",
      "Kućan, Ž.",
      "Gušić, I.",
      "Golovanova, L.V.",
      "Doronichev, V.B.",
      "Patterson, N.",
      "Reich, D.",
      "Eichler, E.E.",
      "Slatkin, M.",
      "Schierup, M.H.",
      "Andrés, A.M.",
      "Kelso, J.",
      "Meyer, M.",
      "Pääbo, S."
    ],
    "year": 2017,
    "journal": "Science",
    "volume": "358",
    "issue": "6363",
    "pages": "655-658",
    "publication_date": "2017-10-05T00:00:00.000Z",
    "open_access_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6185897/ (author manuscript via PMC)",
    "pmc_id": null,
    "pubmed_id": null,
    "abstract": "To date the only Neandertal genome that has been sequenced to high quality is from an individual found in Southern Siberia. We sequenced the genome of a female Neandertal from ~50 thousand years ago from Vindija Cave, Croatia to ~30-fold genomic coverage. She carried 1.6 differences per ten thousand base pairs between the two copies of her genome, fewer than present-day humans, suggesting that Neandertal populations were of small size. Our analyses indicate that she was more closely related to the Neandertals that mixed with the ancestors of present-day humans living outside of sub-Saharan Africa than the previously sequenced Neandertal from Siberia, allowing 10-20% more Neandertal DNA to be identified in present-day humans, including variants involved in LDL cholesterol levels, schizophrenia and other diseases.",
    "crossref_verified_at": null,
    "verification_state": "draft",
    "verification_notes": "Migrated from ingest file: T2.3_Prufer_2017_Vindija.md",
    "fts_tsv": "'-20':123B '1.6':57B '10':122B '30':51B '50':42B 'a.m':212C 'africa':113B 'ago':45B 'allow':121B 'analys':86B 'ancestor':101B 'andré':211C 'b':160C 'b.j':188C 'base':62B 'c':150C,170C,178C 'carri':56B 'cave':9A,48B 'chintalapati':183C 'cholesterol':140B 'close':92B 'copi':67B 'coverag':4A,54B 'croatia':11A,49B 'd':168C,204C 'dannemann':185C 'date':13B 'day':75B,105B,133B 'de':148C 'differ':58B 'diseas':145B 'dna':126B 'doronichev':199C 'e.e':206C 'eichler':205C 'f':154C 'f.m':190C 'femal':39B 'fewer':71B 'filippo':149C 'fold':52B 'found':29B 'fu':175C 'genom':6A,17B,36B,53B,70B 'golovanova':197C 'grote':151C 'gušić':195C 'hajdinjak':157C 'high':3A,23B 'high-coverag':2A 'hopf':169C 'hsieh':163C 'human':76B,106B,134B 'identifi':129B 'includ':135B 'indic':87B 'individu':28B 'involv':137B 'j':214C 'k':147C 'kelso':213C 'key':189C 'korlević':155C 'kućan':193C 'l':162C 'l.v':198C 'ldl':139B 'level':141B 'live':107B 'm':158C,184C,186C,208C,216C 'm.h':210C 'mafessoni':153C 'maric':173C 'meyer':215C 'mix':98B 'n':202C 'nagel':171C 'neandert':5A,16B,40B,79B,96B,118B,125B 'nelson':187C 'outsid':108B 'p':156C,164C,182C,192C 'pair':63B 'patterson':201C 'per':59B 'peyrégn':165C 'popul':80B 'present':74B,104B,132B 'present-day':73B,103B,131B 'previous':116B 'prüfer':146C 'pääbo':217C 'q':176C 'qualiti':24B 'r':180C 'reher':167C 'reich':203C 'relat':93B 'roger':179C 'rudan':191C 'saharan':112B 'schierup':209C 'schizophrenia':142B 'sequenc':21B,34B,117B 'siberia':32B,120B 'size':84B 'skoglund':181C 'skov':161C 'slatkin':207C 'small':83B 'southern':31B 'sub':111B 'sub-saharan':110B 'suggest':77B 'ten':60B 'theunert':177C 'thousand':43B,61B 'two':66B 'v.b':200C 'variant':136B 'vernot':159C 'vindija':8A,47B 'year':44B 'ž':194C",
    "created_at": "2026-07-26T18:17:01.609Z",
    "updated_at": "2026-07-27T02:16:42.538Z",
    "study_type": null
  },
  "specimens": [
    {
      "id": "vindija-33-19",
      "common_name": "Vindija 33.19",
      "taxonomic_assignment": "Neanderthal",
      "assignment_method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "verification_state": "pending-verification"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": [
    {
      "id": "afba112e-e7dc-41f0-83a2-93213b57665a",
      "specimen_id": "vindija-33-19",
      "method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "dating_method": null,
      "lab": "Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig",
      "result_summary": "Second high-coverage Neanderthal genome (first was Denisova 5 / Altai Neanderthal). Female, ~50 ka. Heterozygosity 1.6 differences per 10⁴ bp indicates small population size. Vindija 33.19 is closer to the Neanderthal population that introgressed into modern humans than the Altai Neanderthal is; allows 10–20% more Neanderthal DNA to be identified in present-day non-Africans, including variants affecting LDL, schizophrenia, and other traits.",
      "verification_state": "draft"
    }
  ]
}