{
  "citation": "Specimen Registry v0.0.7 (2026). Maintained by Michael Gonzalez with AI assistance. https://specimenregistry.org. Data licensed under CC BY 4.0.",
  "license": "https://specimenregistry.org/license",
  "version": "0.0.12-neon",
  "specimen": {
    "id": "mezmaiskaya-1",
    "site_id": "mezmaiskaya-cave",
    "common_name": "Mezmaiskaya 1",
    "community_name": null,
    "catalog_number": "Mezmaiskaya 1",
    "catalog_number_source_quote": null,
    "material_type": "skeletal remains (infant, exact element pending review)",
    "taxonomic_assignment": "Neanderthal",
    "taxonomic_assignment_source_quote": null,
    "assignment_method": "aDNA-mitochondrial",
    "assignment_publication": "10.1038/35006625",
    "provenance_publication": null,
    "stratigraphic_context": {
      "raw": "`{\"site\": \"Mezmaiskaya Cave\", \"region\": \"Northern Caucasus, Russia\", \"position\": \"one of the eastern-most Neanderthal populations\"}`"
    },
    "stratigraphic_context_source_quote": null,
    "current_custody": null,
    "inferred_fields": null,
    "disputed_assignment": false,
    "verification_state": "draft",
    "verification_notes": null,
    "fts_tsv": "'1':2A 'element':8C 'exact':7C 'infant':6C 'mezmaiskaya':1A 'neanderth':3B 'pend':9C 'remain':5C 'review':10C 'skelet':4C",
    "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:51:42.113Z",
    "updated_at": "2026-07-27T02:16:42.538Z"
  },
  "site": {
    "id": "mezmaiskaya-cave",
    "name": "Mezmaiskaya Cave",
    "country": "unknown",
    "region": null,
    "latitude": null,
    "longitude": null,
    "coordinates_precision": null,
    "site_type": null,
    "excavating_institution": null,
    "notes": null,
    "verification_state": "draft",
    "created_at": "2026-07-26T19:35:25.747Z",
    "updated_at": "2026-07-26T19:35:25.747Z"
  },
  "analyses": [
    {
      "id": "6204548c-6fad-4805-8aca-0e299d3e6366",
      "publication_id": "10.1038/35006625",
      "method": "aDNA-mitochondrial",
      "dating_method": null,
      "lab": null,
      "analysis_date": null,
      "result_summary": "First mtDNA sequence from a clearly dated Neanderthal; 3.48% divergent from the Feldhofer (Neander Valley) Neanderthal. Phylogenetically places Caucasus + western Germany Neanderthals together in a clade distinct from modern humans. No evidence supporting multiregional hypothesis of modern human evolution.",
      "result_summary_source_quote": null,
      "verification_state": "draft"
    },
    {
      "id": "902bc130-ab12-4a30-ad11-f95d0513a62f",
      "publication_id": "10.1038/nature12886",
      "method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "dating_method": null,
      "lab": null,
      "analysis_date": null,
      "result_summary": "Low-coverage nuclear genome of a Caucasus Neanderthal (specimen identity Mezmaiskaya 1 or 2; disambiguation pending Methods-section review).",
      "result_summary_source_quote": "We also sequenced the genome of a Neanderthal from the Caucasus to low coverage.",
      "verification_state": "pending-verification"
    }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
    {
      "id": 37,
      "specimen_a_id": "mezmaiskaya-1",
      "specimen_b_id": "feldhofer-1",
      "comparison_type": "related-population",
      "claim": "Mezmaiskaya 1 and Feldhofer 1 mtDNA sequences are 3.48% divergent and fall together in a Neanderthal clade distinct from modern humans.",
      "claim_source_quote": "The sequence shows 3.48% divergence from the Feldhofer Neanderthal. Phylogenetic analysis places the two Neanderthals from the Caucasus and western Germany together in a clade that is distinct from modern humans, suggesting that their mtDNA types have not contributed to the modern human mtDNA pool.",
      "method": "aDNA-mitochondrial",
      "publication_id": "10.1038/35006625",
      "quantitative_result": "3.48% divergence",
      "verification_state": "pending-verification",
      "verification_notes": "The comparison is asserted by Ovchinnikov 2000 (source publication); Krings 1997 (Feldhofer) is the referent. Added 2026-07-27 as the first-ever pairwise Neanderthal mtDNA comparison entered into the corpus.",
      "created_at": "2026-07-27T02:05:37.945Z",
      "updated_at": "2026-07-27T02:05:37.945Z",
      "other_id": "feldhofer-1",
      "other_name": "Feldhofer 1 (Neanderthal type specimen)",
      "other_taxon": "Neanderthal (type specimen)"
    },
    {
      "id": 32,
      "specimen_a_id": "goyet-q56-1",
      "specimen_b_id": "mezmaiskaya-1",
      "comparison_type": "related-population",
      "claim": "Late Neanderthals differ from the older Caucasus Neanderthal (Mezmaiskaya 1) in a way that suggests a population turnover in the Caucasus or throughout Europe near the end of Neanderthal history.",
      "claim_source_quote": "comparison to the genome of an older Neanderthal from the Caucasus indicates that a population turnover is likely to have occurred, either in the Caucasus or throughout Europe, towards the end of Neanderthal history",
      "method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151",
      "quantitative_result": null,
      "verification_state": "pending-verification",
      "verification_notes": "Population-turnover comparator claim from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim abstract; late Neanderthals vs older Caucasus (Mezmaiskaya 1). Added retroactively 2026-07-27 after mezmaiskaya-1 was ingested.",
      "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:51:58.546Z",
      "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:51:58.546Z",
      "other_id": "goyet-q56-1",
      "other_name": "Goyet Q56-1",
      "other_taxon": "Neanderthal"
    },
    {
      "id": 35,
      "specimen_a_id": "spy-94a",
      "specimen_b_id": "mezmaiskaya-1",
      "comparison_type": "related-population",
      "claim": "Late Neanderthals differ from the older Caucasus Neanderthal (Mezmaiskaya 1) in a way that suggests a population turnover in the Caucasus or throughout Europe near the end of Neanderthal history.",
      "claim_source_quote": "comparison to the genome of an older Neanderthal from the Caucasus indicates that a population turnover is likely to have occurred, either in the Caucasus or throughout Europe, towards the end of Neanderthal history",
      "method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151",
      "quantitative_result": null,
      "verification_state": "pending-verification",
      "verification_notes": "Population-turnover comparator claim from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim abstract; late Neanderthals vs older Caucasus (Mezmaiskaya 1). Added retroactively 2026-07-27 after mezmaiskaya-1 was ingested.",
      "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:51:58.546Z",
      "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:51:58.546Z",
      "other_id": "spy-94a",
      "other_name": "Spy 94a",
      "other_taxon": "Neanderthal"
    },
    {
      "id": 33,
      "specimen_a_id": "les-cottes-z4-1514",
      "specimen_b_id": "mezmaiskaya-1",
      "comparison_type": "related-population",
      "claim": "Late Neanderthals differ from the older Caucasus Neanderthal (Mezmaiskaya 1) in a way that suggests a population turnover in the Caucasus or throughout Europe near the end of Neanderthal history.",
      "claim_source_quote": "comparison to the genome of an older Neanderthal from the Caucasus indicates that a population turnover is likely to have occurred, either in the Caucasus or throughout Europe, towards the end of Neanderthal history",
      "method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151",
      "quantitative_result": null,
      "verification_state": "pending-verification",
      "verification_notes": "Population-turnover comparator claim from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim abstract; late Neanderthals vs older Caucasus (Mezmaiskaya 1). Added retroactively 2026-07-27 after mezmaiskaya-1 was ingested.",
      "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:51:58.546Z",
      "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:51:58.546Z",
      "other_id": "les-cottes-z4-1514",
      "other_name": "Les Cottés Z4-1514",
      "other_taxon": "Neanderthal"
    },
    {
      "id": 36,
      "specimen_a_id": "vindija-87",
      "specimen_b_id": "mezmaiskaya-1",
      "comparison_type": "related-population",
      "claim": "Late Neanderthals differ from the older Caucasus Neanderthal (Mezmaiskaya 1) in a way that suggests a population turnover in the Caucasus or throughout Europe near the end of Neanderthal history.",
      "claim_source_quote": "comparison to the genome of an older Neanderthal from the Caucasus indicates that a population turnover is likely to have occurred, either in the Caucasus or throughout Europe, towards the end of Neanderthal history",
      "method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151",
      "quantitative_result": null,
      "verification_state": "pending-verification",
      "verification_notes": "Population-turnover comparator claim from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim abstract; late Neanderthals vs older Caucasus (Mezmaiskaya 1). Added retroactively 2026-07-27 after mezmaiskaya-1 was ingested.",
      "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:51:58.546Z",
      "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:51:58.546Z",
      "other_id": "vindija-87",
      "other_name": "Vindija 87",
      "other_taxon": "Neanderthal"
    },
    {
      "id": 34,
      "specimen_a_id": "mezmaiskaya-2",
      "specimen_b_id": "mezmaiskaya-1",
      "comparison_type": "related-population",
      "claim": "Late Neanderthals differ from the older Caucasus Neanderthal (Mezmaiskaya 1) in a way that suggests a population turnover in the Caucasus or throughout Europe near the end of Neanderthal history.",
      "claim_source_quote": "comparison to the genome of an older Neanderthal from the Caucasus indicates that a population turnover is likely to have occurred, either in the Caucasus or throughout Europe, towards the end of Neanderthal history",
      "method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151",
      "quantitative_result": null,
      "verification_state": "pending-verification",
      "verification_notes": "Population-turnover comparator claim from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim abstract; late Neanderthals vs older Caucasus (Mezmaiskaya 1). Added retroactively 2026-07-27 after mezmaiskaya-1 was ingested.",
      "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:51:58.546Z",
      "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:51:58.546Z",
      "other_id": "mezmaiskaya-2",
      "other_name": "Mezmaiskaya 2",
      "other_taxon": "Neanderthal"
    }
  ]
}