{ "citation": "Specimen Registry v0.0.7 (2026). Maintained by Michael Gonzalez with AI assistance. https://specimenregistry.org. Data licensed under CC BY 4.0.", "license": "https://specimenregistry.org/license", "version": "0.0.12-neon", "specimen": { "id": "oase-1", "site_id": "pestera-cu-oase", "common_name": "Oase 1", "community_name": null, "catalog_number": "(Oase 1 — community-standard name)", "catalog_number_source_quote": null, "material_type": "mandible", "taxonomic_assignment": "modern human (Homo sapiens) with recent Neanderthal admixture", "taxonomic_assignment_source_quote": null, "assignment_method": "aDNA-nuclear", "assignment_publication": "10.1038/nature14558", "provenance_publication": null, "stratigraphic_context": { "raw": "`{\"site\": \"Peştera cu Oase\", \"country\": \"Romania\", \"specimen_type\": \"mandible (lower jawbone)\", \"discovery_year\": 2002}`" }, "stratigraphic_context_source_quote": null, "current_custody": null, "inferred_fields": null, "disputed_assignment": false, "verification_state": "draft", "verification_notes": null, "fts_tsv": "'1':2A 'admixtur':10B 'homo':5B 'human':4B 'mandibl':11C 'modern':3B 'neanderth':9B 'oas':1A 'recent':8B 'sapien':6B", "created_at": "2026-07-26T19:35:25.747Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T02:16:42.538Z" }, "site": { "id": "pestera-cu-oase", "name": "Peştera cu Oase", "country": "Romania", "region": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "coordinates_precision": null, "site_type": null, "excavating_institution": null, "notes": null, "verification_state": "draft", "created_at": "2026-07-26T19:35:25.747Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T02:16:42.538Z" }, "analyses": [ { "id": "efdbbf0e-95bf-47ad-a40b-c4db6b60d960", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature14558", "method": "aDNA-mitochondrial", "dating_method": null, "lab": null, "analysis_date": null, "result_summary": "Present-day human contamination in mtDNA fragments estimated at 67% overall (95% CI 65-69%); when restricted to fragments with terminal C-to-T damage patterns, contamination drops to 4% (95% CI 2-9%).", "result_summary_source_quote": "among all mtDNA fragments to be 67% (95% confidence interval 65–69%). When we restrict to mtDNA fragments that carry terminal C-to-T substitutions, the contamination estimate is 4% (95% confidence interval of 2–9%) (Supplementary Note 1).", "verification_state": "draft" }, { "id": "5a2bbadd-028a-4bd1-9d63-806d61cdba15", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature14558", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "dating_method": null, "lab": "Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig + Harvard Medical School (David Reich lab)", "analysis_date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00.000Z", "result_summary": "Nuclear DNA sequenced via targeted enrichment isolating ~78,055 sites informative about Neanderthal vs. modern-human ancestry; determined ~6–9% Neanderthal ancestry (point estimates 6.0%–9.4%); recent Neanderthal ancestor 4–6 generations back based on ≥50 cM chromosomal segments of Neanderthal ancestry.", "result_summary_source_quote": "we use an enrichment strategy to isolate sites that are informative about its relationship to Neanderthals and present-day humans", "verification_state": "draft" }, { "id": "8bc624ec-f68c-456f-8b41-6dcba254acad", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature14558", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "dating_method": null, "lab": null, "analysis_date": null, "result_summary": "Oase 1 has 6-9% Neanderthal ancestry, more than any other modern human sequenced. Three chromosomal segments >50 cM imply a Neanderthal ancestor 4-6 generations back. Does not share more alleles with later Europeans than with East Asians.", "result_summary_source_quote": "We find that on the order of 6-9% of the genome of the Oase individual is derived from Neanderthals, more than any other modern human sequenced to date. Three chromosomal segments of Neanderthal ancestry are over 50 centimorgans in size, indicating that this individual had a Neanderthal ancestor as recently as four to six generations back.", "verification_state": "pending-verification" } ], "comparisons": [ { "id": 38, "specimen_a_id": "ust-ishim-1", "specimen_b_id": "oase-1", "comparison_type": "contemporaneous", "claim": "Ust'-Ishim (~45 ka Siberia) and Oase 1 (~37-42 ka Romania) both represent early Eurasian AMH; Ust'-Ishim predates and derives from a pre-East/West split population while Oase 1 shows a recent Neanderthal admixture episode.", "claim_source_quote": null, "method": null, "publication_id": "10.1038/nature13810", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Cross-ref added 2026-07-27 during block #9 Fu 2014 ingest.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T02:16:46.931Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T02:16:46.931Z", "other_id": "ust-ishim-1", "other_name": "Ust'-Ishim man (~45 ka anatomically modern human male, western Siberia)", "other_taxon": "Anatomically modern human (Homo sapiens)" }, { "id": 27, "specimen_a_id": "goyet-q56-1", "specimen_b_id": "oase-1", "comparison_type": "contemporaneous", "claim": "Four of the five late Neanderthals studied post-date AMH arrival in Europe; despite temporal overlap with Oase-1-like AMH, no recent modern-human gene flow was detected in their ancestry.", "claim_source_quote": "although four of the Neanderthals studied here post-date the putative arrival of early modern humans into Europe, we do not detect any recent gene flow from early modern humans in their ancestry", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "other_id": "goyet-q56-1", "other_name": "Goyet Q56-1", "other_taxon": "Neanderthal" }, { "id": 30, "specimen_a_id": "spy-94a", "specimen_b_id": "oase-1", "comparison_type": "contemporaneous", "claim": "Four of the five late Neanderthals studied post-date AMH arrival in Europe; despite temporal overlap with Oase-1-like AMH, no recent modern-human gene flow was detected in their ancestry.", "claim_source_quote": "although four of the Neanderthals studied here post-date the putative arrival of early modern humans into Europe, we do not detect any recent gene flow from early modern humans in their ancestry", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "other_id": "spy-94a", "other_name": "Spy 94a", "other_taxon": "Neanderthal" }, { "id": 28, "specimen_a_id": "les-cottes-z4-1514", "specimen_b_id": "oase-1", "comparison_type": "contemporaneous", "claim": "Four of the five late Neanderthals studied post-date AMH arrival in Europe; despite temporal overlap with Oase-1-like AMH, no recent modern-human gene flow was detected in their ancestry.", "claim_source_quote": "although four of the Neanderthals studied here post-date the putative arrival of early modern humans into Europe, we do not detect any recent gene flow from early modern humans in their ancestry", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "other_id": "les-cottes-z4-1514", "other_name": "Les Cottés Z4-1514", "other_taxon": "Neanderthal" }, { "id": 31, "specimen_a_id": "vindija-87", "specimen_b_id": "oase-1", "comparison_type": "contemporaneous", "claim": "Four of the five late Neanderthals studied post-date AMH arrival in Europe; despite temporal overlap with Oase-1-like AMH, no recent modern-human gene flow was detected in their ancestry.", "claim_source_quote": "although four of the Neanderthals studied here post-date the putative arrival of early modern humans into Europe, we do not detect any recent gene flow from early modern humans in their ancestry", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "other_id": "vindija-87", "other_name": "Vindija 87", "other_taxon": "Neanderthal" }, { "id": 29, "specimen_a_id": "mezmaiskaya-2", "specimen_b_id": "oase-1", "comparison_type": "contemporaneous", "claim": "Four of the five late Neanderthals studied post-date AMH arrival in Europe; despite temporal overlap with Oase-1-like AMH, no recent modern-human gene flow was detected in their ancestry.", "claim_source_quote": "although four of the Neanderthals studied here post-date the putative arrival of early modern humans into Europe, we do not detect any recent gene flow from early modern humans in their ancestry", "method": "aDNA-nuclear", "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151", "quantitative_result": null, "verification_state": "pending-verification", "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.", "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z", "other_id": "mezmaiskaya-2", "other_name": "Mezmaiskaya 2", "other_taxon": "Neanderthal" } ] }