{
  "citation": "Specimen Registry v0.0.7 (2026). Maintained by Michael Gonzalez with AI assistance. https://specimenregistry.org. Data licensed under CC BY 4.0.",
  "license": "https://specimenregistry.org/license",
  "version": "0.0.12-neon",
  "specimen": {
    "id": "sima-femur-xiii",
    "site_id": "sima-de-los-huesos",
    "common_name": "Sima de los Huesos femur (nuclear-DNA-yielding specimen #1)",
    "community_name": null,
    "catalog_number": "(extract from paper Methods — Femur XIII is the mtDNA specimen from Meyer 2014; verify whether this paper uses same specimen for nuclear DNA)",
    "catalog_number_source_quote": null,
    "material_type": "femur fragment",
    "taxonomic_assignment": "early Neanderthal lineage (Middle Pleistocene)",
    "taxonomic_assignment_source_quote": "Here we recover nuclear DNA sequences from two specimens, which show that the Sima de los Huesos hominins were related to Neanderthals rather than to Denisovans, indicating that the population divergence between Neanderthals and Denisovans predates 430,000 years ago.",
    "assignment_method": "aDNA-nuclear",
    "assignment_publication": "10.1038/nature17405",
    "provenance_publication": null,
    "stratigraphic_context": {
      "raw": "Sima de los Huesos, bone deposit at bottom of karst shaft; ~430 ka"
    },
    "stratigraphic_context_source_quote": null,
    "current_custody": "(verify — likely Museo de la Evolución Humana, Burgos, or CUP research collection)",
    "inferred_fields": null,
    "disputed_assignment": false,
    "verification_state": "pending-verification",
    "verification_notes": "Editorial pass 2026-07-26: source-locked quote from Meyer 2016 abstract attached. Femur specimen catalog number requires Methods/SI extraction to confirm whether this is the same Femur XIII specimen as Meyer 2014 (mtDNA) or a distinct individual.",
    "fts_tsv": "'1':11A 'burgo':26C 'collect':30C 'cup':28C 'de':2A,22C 'dna':8A 'earli':12B 'evolución':24C 'femur':5A,17C 'fragment':18C 'hueso':4A 'humana':25C 'la':23C 'like':20C 'lineag':14B 'los':3A 'middl':15B 'museo':21C 'neanderth':13B 'nuclear':7A 'nuclear-dna-yield':6A 'pleistocen':16B 'research':29C 'sima':1A 'specimen':10A 'verifi':19C 'yield':9A",
    "created_at": "2026-07-26T18:17:01.609Z",
    "updated_at": "2026-07-26T18:17:01.609Z"
  },
  "site": {
    "id": "sima-de-los-huesos",
    "name": "Sima de los Huesos",
    "country": "Spain",
    "region": "Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos Province",
    "latitude": "42.352220",
    "longitude": "-3.518330",
    "coordinates_precision": "10km",
    "site_type": "karst shaft (vertical bone-accumulation pit)",
    "excavating_institution": "Centro UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid",
    "notes": null,
    "verification_state": "pending-verification",
    "created_at": "2026-07-26T18:17:01.609Z",
    "updated_at": "2026-07-26T18:17:01.609Z"
  },
  "analyses": [
    {
      "id": "37821a4b-8dbf-4ca5-bd5d-5c13667f6591",
      "publication_id": "10.1038/nature12788",
      "method": "aDNA-mitochondrial",
      "dating_method": null,
      "lab": "Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig",
      "analysis_date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
      "result_summary": "Near-complete mitochondrial genome (16,302 positions, ~98% of the human mitochondrial reference genome) at 31.6× average coverage; determined that Sima de los Huesos mtDNA shares a common ancestor with Denisovan mtDNAs; age point estimate ~400,000 years (range 0.15–0.64 Myr). GenBank accession KF683087.",
      "result_summary_source_quote": "This consensus encompasses 16,302 positions or ~98% of the human mitochondrial reference genome, with an average coverage of 31.6",
      "verification_state": "draft"
    },
    {
      "id": "4df6c5f8-c246-4b45-8dd6-4ee044533cd7",
      "publication_id": "10.1038/nature17405",
      "method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "dating_method": null,
      "lab": "Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig",
      "analysis_date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
      "result_summary": "Nuclear DNA sequences from Sima specimens cluster with Neanderthals, not Denisovans, indicating the Neanderthal-Denisovan population divergence predates 430,000 years ago.",
      "result_summary_source_quote": null,
      "verification_state": "draft"
    }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
    {
      "id": 1,
      "specimen_a_id": "sima-femur-xiii",
      "specimen_b_id": "denisova-3",
      "comparison_type": "sister-lineage",
      "claim": "Sima de los Huesos mtDNA shares a common ancestor with Denisovan mtDNAs to the exclusion of Neanderthal, modern human, chimpanzee and bonobo mtDNAs.",
      "claim_source_quote": "All three trees support a topology in which the Sima de los Huesos mtDNA shares a common ancestor with Denisovan mtDNAs to the exclusion of the other mtDNAs analysed.",
      "method": "aDNA-mitochondrial",
      "publication_id": "10.1038/nature12788",
      "quantitative_result": null,
      "verification_state": "pending-verification",
      "verification_notes": "Autoseed 2026-07-26 from T2.4 Meyer 2014 ingest markdown. Note: interpretation later updated by Meyer 2016 (10.1038/nature17405) — nDNA shows Sima on Neanderthal lineage; mtDNA-Denisovan relationship is ancestral state replaced in Neanderthals.",
      "created_at": "2026-07-26T19:55:47.749Z",
      "updated_at": "2026-07-26T19:55:47.749Z",
      "other_id": "denisova-3",
      "other_name": "Denisova 3",
      "other_taxon": "Denisovan"
    }
  ]
}