{
  "citation": "Specimen Registry v0.0.7 (2026). Maintained by Michael Gonzalez with AI assistance. https://specimenregistry.org. Data licensed under CC BY 4.0.",
  "license": "https://specimenregistry.org/license",
  "version": "0.0.12-neon",
  "specimen": {
    "id": "vindija-33-19",
    "site_id": "vindija-cave",
    "common_name": "Vindija 33.19",
    "community_name": null,
    "catalog_number": "Vindija 33.19 (specimen number is the catalog identifier per paper text)",
    "catalog_number_source_quote": null,
    "material_type": "bone fragment (one of 19 Vindija Cave fragments determined Neanderthal by prior mtDNA screening)",
    "taxonomic_assignment": "Neanderthal",
    "taxonomic_assignment_source_quote": "We sequenced the genome of a female Neandertal from ~50 thousand years ago from Vindija Cave, Croatia to ~30-fold genomic coverage.",
    "assignment_method": "aDNA-nuclear",
    "assignment_publication": "10.1126/science.aao1887",
    "provenance_publication": null,
    "stratigraphic_context": {
      "raw": "Vindija Cave. Per paper: \"12 samples from Vindija 33.19, one of 19 bone fragments from Vindija Cave determined to be of Neandertal origin by mitochondrial (mt) DNA analyses\""
    },
    "stratigraphic_context_source_quote": null,
    "current_custody": null,
    "inferred_fields": null,
    "disputed_assignment": false,
    "verification_state": "pending-verification",
    "verification_notes": "Editorial pass 2026-07-26: source-locked quote from Prüfer 2017 abstract attached. Vindija 33.19 is the second-published high-coverage Neanderthal genome (after Denisova 5 / Altai) and the first from a western-Eurasian site.",
    "fts_tsv": "'19':8C '33.19':2A 'bone':4C 'cave':10C 'determin':12C 'fragment':5C,11C 'mtdna':16C 'neanderth':3B,13C 'one':6C 'prior':15C 'screen':17C 'vindija':1A,9C",
    "created_at": "2026-07-26T18:17:01.609Z",
    "updated_at": "2026-07-26T18:17:01.609Z"
  },
  "site": {
    "id": "vindija-cave",
    "name": "Vindija Cave",
    "country": "Croatia",
    "region": "Hrvatsko Zagorje, Krapina-Zagorje County (northern Croatia)",
    "latitude": "46.299440",
    "longitude": "16.067220",
    "coordinates_precision": "1km",
    "site_type": "karstic cave",
    "excavating_institution": null,
    "notes": null,
    "verification_state": "pending-verification",
    "created_at": "2026-07-26T18:17:01.609Z",
    "updated_at": "2026-07-26T18:17:01.609Z"
  },
  "analyses": [
    {
      "id": "afba112e-e7dc-41f0-83a2-93213b57665a",
      "publication_id": "10.1126/science.aao1887",
      "method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "dating_method": null,
      "lab": "Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig",
      "analysis_date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
      "result_summary": "Second high-coverage Neanderthal genome (first was Denisova 5 / Altai Neanderthal). Female, ~50 ka. Heterozygosity 1.6 differences per 10⁴ bp indicates small population size. Vindija 33.19 is closer to the Neanderthal population that introgressed into modern humans than the Altai Neanderthal is; allows 10–20% more Neanderthal DNA to be identified in present-day non-Africans, including variants affecting LDL, schizophrenia, and other traits.",
      "result_summary_source_quote": "yielded 30-fold coverage of the approximately 1.8 billion bases of the genome to which such short fragments can be confidently mapped",
      "verification_state": "draft"
    }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
    {
      "id": 19,
      "specimen_a_id": "mezmaiskaya-2",
      "specimen_b_id": "vindija-33-19",
      "comparison_type": "introgression-source",
      "claim": "These late Neanderthals plus Vindija are closer to the Neanderthal-related DNA in present-day non-Africans than Altai Neanderthal is (i.e., closer to the actual introgression source).",
      "claim_source_quote": "these late Neanderthals form a coherent group with Vindija Neanderthals genetically closer to the Neanderthal-related DNA in present-day humans than the Altai Neanderthal",
      "method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151",
      "quantitative_result": null,
      "verification_state": "pending-verification",
      "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.",
      "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z",
      "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z",
      "other_id": "mezmaiskaya-2",
      "other_name": "Mezmaiskaya 2",
      "other_taxon": "Neanderthal"
    },
    {
      "id": 20,
      "specimen_a_id": "spy-94a",
      "specimen_b_id": "vindija-33-19",
      "comparison_type": "introgression-source",
      "claim": "These late Neanderthals plus Vindija are closer to the Neanderthal-related DNA in present-day non-Africans than Altai Neanderthal is (i.e., closer to the actual introgression source).",
      "claim_source_quote": "these late Neanderthals form a coherent group with Vindija Neanderthals genetically closer to the Neanderthal-related DNA in present-day humans than the Altai Neanderthal",
      "method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151",
      "quantitative_result": null,
      "verification_state": "pending-verification",
      "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.",
      "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z",
      "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z",
      "other_id": "spy-94a",
      "other_name": "Spy 94a",
      "other_taxon": "Neanderthal"
    },
    {
      "id": 18,
      "specimen_a_id": "les-cottes-z4-1514",
      "specimen_b_id": "vindija-33-19",
      "comparison_type": "introgression-source",
      "claim": "These late Neanderthals plus Vindija are closer to the Neanderthal-related DNA in present-day non-Africans than Altai Neanderthal is (i.e., closer to the actual introgression source).",
      "claim_source_quote": "these late Neanderthals form a coherent group with Vindija Neanderthals genetically closer to the Neanderthal-related DNA in present-day humans than the Altai Neanderthal",
      "method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151",
      "quantitative_result": null,
      "verification_state": "pending-verification",
      "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.",
      "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z",
      "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z",
      "other_id": "les-cottes-z4-1514",
      "other_name": "Les Cottés Z4-1514",
      "other_taxon": "Neanderthal"
    },
    {
      "id": 17,
      "specimen_a_id": "goyet-q56-1",
      "specimen_b_id": "vindija-33-19",
      "comparison_type": "introgression-source",
      "claim": "These late Neanderthals plus Vindija are closer to the Neanderthal-related DNA in present-day non-Africans than Altai Neanderthal is (i.e., closer to the actual introgression source).",
      "claim_source_quote": "these late Neanderthals form a coherent group with Vindija Neanderthals genetically closer to the Neanderthal-related DNA in present-day humans than the Altai Neanderthal",
      "method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151",
      "quantitative_result": null,
      "verification_state": "pending-verification",
      "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.",
      "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z",
      "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z",
      "other_id": "goyet-q56-1",
      "other_name": "Goyet Q56-1",
      "other_taxon": "Neanderthal"
    },
    {
      "id": 21,
      "specimen_a_id": "vindija-87",
      "specimen_b_id": "vindija-33-19",
      "comparison_type": "related-population",
      "claim": "Vindija 87 is inferred to belong to the same Vindija population lineage; may represent same individual as previously sequenced Vindija Neanderthals (pending direct-paper confirmation).",
      "claim_source_quote": "Community summary (Wikipedia Vindija Cave entry, sourced to Hajdinjak 2018) — pending direct-paper confirmation",
      "method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "publication_id": "10.1038/nature26151",
      "quantitative_result": "1.3x coverage",
      "verification_state": "pending-verification",
      "verification_notes": "Auto-inserted from Hajdinjak 2018 verbatim PubMed abstract; needs full-paper verification of pairwise application of population-level claims. Vindija 87 same-individual claim is community-summary sourced.",
      "created_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z",
      "updated_at": "2026-07-27T01:49:27.386Z",
      "other_id": "vindija-87",
      "other_name": "Vindija 87",
      "other_taxon": "Neanderthal"
    },
    {
      "id": 2,
      "specimen_a_id": "hohlenstein-stadel-neanderthal",
      "specimen_b_id": "vindija-33-19",
      "comparison_type": "related-population",
      "claim": "Hohlenstein-Stadel Neanderthal is nuclear-genetically closer to later European Neanderthals than to the roughly contemporaneous Altai Neanderthal from Siberia.",
      "claim_source_quote": "both Neandertals are genetically closer to later Neandertals from Europe than to a roughly contemporaneous individual from Siberia.",
      "method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "publication_id": "10.1126/sciadv.aaw5873",
      "quantitative_result": null,
      "verification_state": "pending-verification",
      "verification_notes": "Autoseed 2026-07-26 from T2.5 Peyrégne 2019 ingest markdown. Comparison_b vindija-33-19 is a representative later-Neanderthal comparator.",
      "created_at": "2026-07-26T19:55:47.749Z",
      "updated_at": "2026-07-26T19:55:47.749Z",
      "other_id": "hohlenstein-stadel-neanderthal",
      "other_name": "Hohlenstein-Stadel Neanderthal",
      "other_taxon": "early Neanderthal"
    },
    {
      "id": 3,
      "specimen_a_id": "scladina-i-4a",
      "specimen_b_id": "vindija-33-19",
      "comparison_type": "related-population",
      "claim": "Scladina I-4A Neanderthal is nuclear-genetically closer to later European Neanderthals than to the roughly contemporaneous Altai Neanderthal from Siberia.",
      "claim_source_quote": "both Neandertals are genetically closer to later Neandertals from Europe than to a roughly contemporaneous individual from Siberia.",
      "method": "aDNA-nuclear",
      "publication_id": "10.1126/sciadv.aaw5873",
      "quantitative_result": null,
      "verification_state": "pending-verification",
      "verification_notes": "Autoseed 2026-07-26 from T2.5 Peyrégne 2019 ingest markdown.",
      "created_at": "2026-07-26T19:55:47.749Z",
      "updated_at": "2026-07-26T19:55:47.749Z",
      "other_id": "scladina-i-4a",
      "other_name": "Scladina I-4A",
      "other_taxon": "early Neanderthal"
    }
  ]
}